An articulated trailer forms part of a heavy goods vehicle combination consisting of a powered tractor unit and a separate semi-trailer. The two are connected by a fifth wheel coupling on the tractor unit and a kingpin mounted on the trailer.
This connection allows the semi-trailer to pivot relative to the tractor unit. The pivoting movement is known as articulation, enabling the vehicle combination to negotiate corners while maintaining stability at speed.
Articulated vehicles are widely used throughout the UK and Europe because tractor units and trailers can be separated and interchanged. This allows operators to swap trailers quickly and use a single tractor unit with multiple trailers.
How does an articulated vehicle work?
The tractor unit provides the engine, cab and driving axles, while the semi-trailer carries the cargo. Part of the trailer's weight is transferred through the kingpin into the tractor unit's fifth wheel, helping to improve traction and stability.
This differs from a rigid truck, where the cab, chassis and load body form a single fixed vehicle structure.
Typical articulated trailer configurations
- Curtainsider trailers
- Box van trailers
- Double deck trailers
- Lifting deck trailers
- Longer Semi-Trailers (LSTs)
Most articulated trailers in the UK operate at a standard trailer length of 13.6 metres, although Longer Semi-Trailers can extend this to 15.65 metres under specific regulatory conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are articulated trailers used instead of rigid trucks?
Articulated combinations allow the tractor unit and trailer to be separated. This provides greater operational flexibility, enables trailers to be swapped quickly and allows one tractor unit to work with multiple trailers.
What is the difference between an articulated trailer and a rigid truck?
An articulated vehicle consists of a tractor unit coupled to a detachable semi-trailer. A rigid truck has the cab and load body mounted on the same chassis and cannot be separated in normal operation.
How long is a typical articulated trailer?
The most common trailer length in the UK is 13.6 metres. Some Longer Semi-Trailers can extend to 15.65 metres under specific regulatory authorisation.
Why are articulated trucks called 'artics'?
In UK road transport, 'artic' is a commonly used abbreviation for an articulated vehicle. The term refers to the articulation joint between the tractor unit and semi-trailer.
