Operating HGVs over 7.5 tonnes in the UK requires compliance with defined transport, safety and environmental regulations. This page provides a practical overview of the main requirements affecting drivers and operators.
What are the main HGV regulations I need to be aware of?
Operator Licensing
HGVs over 3.5 tonnes used for business must operate under a valid Operator's Licence. For vehicles over 7.5 tonnes this applies whether carrying own goods or operating for hire and reward.
- Restricted: Transporting own goods only
- Standard National: UK operations
- Standard International: UK and international operations
Operators must demonstrate financial standing, good repute and professional competence.
Vehicle Dimensions and Weights
- Maximum GVW: 44 tonnes (six axle articulated)
- Maximum width: 2.55 m (general freight), 2.60 m (temperature controlled)
- Maximum length: 16.5 m articulated, 18.75 m drawbar
- Longer Semi Trailers: Up to 18.75 m under permitted conditions
Axle weights must remain within limits. Overloading can result in prohibition, penalties and prosecution.
Driver Licensing and CPC
- Category C: Rigid HGVs
- Category C+E: Articulated and drawbar vehicles
Professional drivers must also hold a valid Driver CPC and tachograph card.
Drivers Hours and Tachographs
- Daily driving: 9 hours (10 hours twice weekly)
- Weekly driving: 56 hours
- Fortnight limit: 90 hours
- Breaks: 45 minutes after 4.5 hours driving
- Daily rest: 11 hours (reducible to 9 hours three times weekly)
Digital tachographs are mandatory for most HGV operations. Smart tachographs are required for new vehicles used in international transport.
Load Restraint and Safety
Loads must be secured to prevent movement during braking, cornering and acceleration.
- Use appropriate load securing equipment
- Prevent sliding, tipping and rolling
- Drivers must check loads before and during journeys
Maintenance and DVSA Enforcement
- Daily driver walkaround checks
- Planned maintenance typically every 6 to 13 weeks
- Annual MOT at DVSA authorised testing facilities
- Maintenance records retained for at least 15 months
DVSA enforcement includes roadside inspections, brake testing and immediate prohibitions for unsafe vehicles.
Emissions, Clean Air Zones and DVS
Many UK cities operate Clean Air Zones. Vehicles not meeting Euro 6 standards may incur daily charges. HGVs over 12 tonnes entering Greater London must comply with the Direct Vision Standard.
Health and Safety Obligations
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, operators must manage risks relating to vehicle use, loading and unloading through documented risk assessments, training and safe systems of work.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do all HGV operators need an Operator's Licence?
Yes. Any business using vehicles over 3.5 tonnes for commercial purposes must hold the appropriate Operator's Licence.
What is the maximum weight for an HGV in the UK?
The maximum permitted gross vehicle weight is 44 tonnes for six axle articulated combinations.
How often must HGVs be maintained?
Maintenance is typically required every 6 to 13 weeks depending on vehicle usage and operating conditions.
Are Smart tachographs mandatory?
Smart tachographs are mandatory for new vehicles used in international transport operations.
